divIVA [2017-07-05 12:49:32]

curvature sensitive membrane binding protein that recruits other proteins to the poles and the division septum, cell-division initiation protein (septum placement), part of the Min system (with Z ring placement)

locus: BSU15420

pI: 4.85

mw: 19.20 kDa

protein length: 164 aa

gene length: 492 bp

function: septum placement

product: cell-division initiation protein

essential: no

synonyms: ylmJ

Genomic Context

categories

• [category|SW 1|Cellular processes] → [category|SW 1.1|Cell envelope and cell division] → [category|SW 1.1.8|Cell division] → [category|SW 1.1.8.1|The Min system]
• [category|SW 1|Cellular processes] → [category|SW 1.1|Cell envelope and cell division] → [category|SW 1.1.8|Cell division] → [category|SW 1.1.8.2|Other genes]
• [category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.2|Membrane proteins]
• [category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.4|Phosphoproteins] → [category|SW 6.4.1|Phosphorylation on an Arg residue]

Gene

Coordinates: 1,612,521 → 1,613,015

Phenotypes of a mutant

• Deletion of ''divIVA'' leads to filamentation and polar divisions that in turn cause a minicell phenotype. [Pubmed|9219999]
• A ''divIVA'' mutant has a moderate [(Pubmed)|26735940] to severe [(Pubmed)|11445541] [SW|sporulation] defect.

The protein

Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity

• curvature sensitive membrane binding protein that recruits other proteins to the poles and the division septum
• DivIVA is required for polar localisation of [protein|8C94C9598A823A8405B3E1FA0124E21D90845B8E|MinC]-[protein|37DAD42A391E2FC506225EAF91B8F21629A401DF|MinD] via [protein|C3482F13AE7B7462D9A4C91C8B461B7987A2277D|MinJ]. [Pubmed|19019154]
• It also recruits [protein|09E9194E82DF199527F414DB0EC15547A71AD25E|RacA] to the distal pole of the prespore [Pubmed|12493822].
• DivIVA may anchor [protein|7C8DFE00A2B2B30CC8BEB35055D92CC2E4128F3A|SpoIIE] briefly to the assembling polar septum before [protein|7C8DFE00A2B2B30CC8BEB35055D92CC2E4128F3A|SpoIIE] is subsequently released into the forespore membrane and recaptured at the polar septum [Pubmed|25101664]
• required for the compartment-specific activation of [protein|CFF318EE6CACDEE763FBF96A2ABB46E944679AAA|SigF] [Pubmed|25101664]
• activates [protein|23FF4A00C36EC1B7297F51A9EF3579B41F0B7EBA|PrkC] [Pubmed|25845974]
• required for oriC placement during spore development [Pubmed|27059541]

Protein family

• gpsB family (according to Swiss-Prot)

Paralogous protein(s)

• [protein|C22F7704DC9D36D96FE089ADCEA546D7A3FB3739|GpsB]

[SW|Domains]

• the first 60 amino acids constitute a conserved lipid binding domain. [Pubmed|19478798]
• the C-terminal domain is less conserved
• multimerisation involves two coiled-coil motifs, one in the lipid binding domain, and the other one being present in the helical C-terminal domain [Pubmed|18388125] [Pubmed|23264578]

Modification

• phosphorylated on Arg-102 [Pubmed|22517742]
• The ''Mycobacterium'' DivIVA homologue Wag31 is phosphorylated at T73 [Pubmed|15985609]
• DivIVA from ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' is phosphorylated at Threonine 201 by the Ser/Thr protein kinase Sktp1. [Pubmed|20453092][Pubmed|22211696]

[SW|Cofactors]

• not known

Effectors of protein activity

• not known

Structure

• [PDB|2WUJ] (N-terminal domain) [Pubmed|20502438]

[SW|Localization]

• DivIVA forms a ring underneath the invaginating membrane at the site of cell division and is enriched at both cell poles [Pubmed|9219999].
• forms rings at the division septum and patches at the cell poles [Pubmed|22108385]
• membrane targeting requires [protein|AD7CD451B4AE638A719C91780339784A7FF0F248|SecA] [Pubmed|24592260]
• assembles into a ring-like structure at the polar septum during [SW|sporulation] [Pubmed|25101664]

Expression and Regulation

Operons

• genes: [gene|A8C0C2B7BCA6FFFF3811402D683FB7B99F7120A4|divIVA]
  description: [Pubmed|16420366]

  regulatory mechanism

  • [protein|2C54FE2ADC82FF414D732018C90649D477A925AD|Spo0A]: repression, [Pubmed|14651647], in [regulon|2C54FE2ADC82FF414D732018C90649D477A925AD|Spo0A regulon]

  regulation

  • constitutively expressed [Pubmed|23701187]

Biological materials

Mutant

• 4041 (''divIVA''::''tet''), available in [SW|Leendert Hamoen]'s, [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s, and [SW|Sven Halbedel] 's lab
• GP1482 (chromosomal ''divIVA''-Strep fusion, ''aphA''3), purification from ''B. subtilis'', for [SW|SPINE], available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

Expression vector

• DivIVA-Strep available [http://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Institut/OrgEinheiten/Abt1/FG11/AG_LM.html here]
• pGP1497 (N-terminal Strep-tag fused to C-terminus of ''divIVA'', TEV-site, purification from ''E. coli'', in [SW|pGP172]), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

GFP fusion

• divIVA-gfp fusions available from the [http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/wiki/index.php/Leendert_Hamoen Hamoen] Lab

two-hybrid system

• ''B. pertussis'' adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([SW|BACTH]), available in [SW|Sven Halbedel]'s and [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s labs

FLAG-tag construct

• GP1776 (spc, based on [SW|pGP1331]), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

Antibody

• A polyclonal anti-DivIVA antiserum generated in rabbit is described here [Pubmed|11445541].

Labs working on this gene/protein

• [SW|Leendert Hamoen], Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom [http://www.ncl.ac.uk/camb/staff/profile/l.hamoen x]
• [SW|Imrich Barak], Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia [http://imb.savba.sk/~barak/ homepage]
• [SW|Sven Halbedel], Robert Koch Institute [http://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Institut/OrgEinheiten/Abt1/FG11/AG_LM.html homepage]

References

Reviews

• 19654604,19884039,22722244,23182676

Original Publications

• 22582279,19654604,19666580,9219999,19019154,15554965,12368265,11445541,10835369,12511520,14651647,19478798,19429628,11445541,9219999,9045828,20352045,20502438,11886553,21564336,22108385,22457634,22517742,22661688,23264578,23701187,23927765,24391905,24592260,24600441,25101664,25845974,27059541,26735940